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Lake Earl
Lake Earl is the largest lagoon in California, and a navigable body of water partly within Tolowa Dunes State Park and partly within Lake Earl Wildlife Area in Del Norte County, California and the third-most important seabird area on the West Coast after the Farallons and the Channel Islands.〔McHugh, Paul, (Lake Earl is pearl of northernmost coast ), 19 July 2007, San Francisco Chronicle, accessdate 3 January 2013〕
Lake Earl has two principal lobes separated by "the Narrows." The smaller lobe, which is also closer to the ocean and the sand bar breach site, is called Lake Tolowa or Lake Talawa by the California Department of Fish and Game.〔Final Report Intensive Habitat Study for Lake Earl and Lake Talawa Del Norte County, California, California Fish and Wildlife, March 2000〕 The larger lobe of the lagoon is Lake Earl. Lake Earl is mostly freshwater while Lake Tolowa has a higher salt content.〔(Tolowa Dunes and Lake Earl Visit Oregon South Coast ), 2009, accessdate 3 January 2013〕 As opposed to an estuary, which is typically open to the ocean and fresh water constantly, a lagoon seals up seasonally and fills with a predominance of fresh water. The lagoon, located on the coast of California about south of the border with Oregon,〔measured straight line in ''Google Earth''〕 is manually breached when the water levels rise to to mean sea level (MSL). Though references to levels on USGS charts are made relative to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) leading to difficulty over the management of the lake's levels.〔Permit #27850 from Army Corps of Engineers, dated 25 February 2005.〕 If allowed to breach naturally, the water surface would rise to to .〔 At MSL there is approximately of water surface in the lagoons and of wetlands; at MSL, the surface waters area is approximately . At MSL, the combined surface area is a mere of open water 〔(Intensive habitat study for Lake Earl and Lake Talawa, Del Norte County, California. ) Final Report to the USACE, San Francisco District, Tetra Tech, 2000〕 surrounded by of wetlands.
Lake Earl is largest coastal lagoon in California.〔(Canoeing the Lake Earl Wildlife Area ), The Crescent City/Del Norte County Chamber of Commerce, 2012, accessdate 3 January 2013〕 Due to the remoteness and natural beauty of the landscape, the lake is often used for birders and is locally popular with duck hunters. Fishing for cutthroat trout is a popular use. The lake is lightly used by kayakers. Water skiing is prohibited.
==Endangered Species Act==
The lagoon is home to numerous California state- and/or federally listed threatened or endangered species. To permit the breaching, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers consulted with United States Fish and Wildlife Service to determine the effects of water movement on several species. Species affected included the California brown pelican, Western snowy plover, bald eagle, Oregon silverspot butterfly, and tidewater goby. The Corps formally determined that the project would have no effect on the western lily. Coho salmon have not been observed in the lagoon since 1989, seven years after the Department of Fish and Game stopped planting them.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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